Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And

Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And Compare And Contrast The Histopathology Of Breast Adenocarcinoma And Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma â€" Essay Example > AbstractThe adenocarcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung are the leading causes of cancer-related mortalities in women and men respectively. An investigation of peer reviewed articles with content on adenocarcinoma of the breast and SCC of the lung was conducted. The aim was to compare and contrast the histopathology of the two cancer types. Findings show that adenocarcinoma of the breast relates to cancer cells originating from the epithelium lining of either the ducts, or lobules of the mammary gland. On the other hand, SCC of the lung entails cancer cells originating centrally in larger airways, specifically the bronchi. Microscopic and histological features, as well as immunomarkers, assist to diagnose and differentiate the various cancer types. For both the adenocarcinoma of the breast and the squamous cell of the lung, detection, diagnosis and risk factors, are explained, laboratory specimens described, and the treatment options given. Introduct ionAdenocarcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung are significant in regards to their high prevalence, mortality rates, and disease burden relative to other cancer diseases (Dara et al. 2012; Makki 2015). Despite both being cancers, breast adenocarcinoma and SCC of the lung have varying histopathological and immunochemical features that determine their diagnosis and treatment. Case study of adenocarcinoma of the breasta. Significance of adenocarcinoma of the breastAdenocarcinoma of the breast presents one of the highest cancer incidences, and mortality rates worldwide (Makki 2015). Also, it is the commonest type of invasive carcinoma among the female population (Makki 2015). b. Detection, diagnosis and risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the breastAdenocarcinoma of the breast is detected by mammography, genetic screening, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, ductogram, and, clinical and self breast examination that check for lumps, uncharacteristic breast ap pearance, and abnormal ductal discharges, (Sarica et al. 2013). A biopsy is done by taking a sample of tissue from an area of abnormality. The sample biopsied can be fluid with very tiny cells, removed through fine needle aspiration (Radhakrishna et al. 2013). Sections of the tumor are removed by core biopsy, while an entire tumor is removed by excisional biopsy (Radhakrishna et al. 2013). Primary risk factors for breast cancer are being female, old, and having a family history of breast cancer (Yoshimoto et al. 2011). Other risks include exposure to radiation, sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone, and modifiable behaviors like smoking, drinking, unhealthy foods, and sedentary lifestyle, increases breast adenocarcinoma likelihood (Yoshimoto et al. 2011). c. Types of specimens received in the laboratory for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of the breastLaboratory specimens are sampled from palpable mass, nipple discharge and lesions; hence they include lobule excisions, nipple duct ex cision, total mastectomy, and lymph node specimens, including sentinel node and axillary dissections (Sarica et al. 2013). d. Laboratory treatment of different specimen typesFor excision specimens, a gross examination is done, where size, shape and arrangement of cells are noted. The tumor is bisected into thin slices and fixated on sufficient amount of 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for processing (Howat Wilson 2014). For fluid specimens, the aspirates are spread on cassettes, fixed in a paraffin block. A microtome is used to thinly dissect the embedded tissue, and slices are placed on glass slides, and stained for microscopic examination (Radhakrishna et al. 2013).